Mahatma Gandhi
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Mahatma Gandhi[बदल]
Mahatma Gandhichem purai nanv Mohondas Kormochond Gandhi. Tancho zolm 2 Okttobor 1869 vorsa zalo. To Bharotachea svatontrea loddheatolo mukhel fuddari ani totvgone axil'le. Mhatma Gandhi hea nanvan tanka sogllem vollkhotat. Ohimsatmok oshokar andolnantlean Gandhijim Bharotak svatontrio mellovn dilem. Ohimsatmok margamni svatontrio mellovn divpakhatir tamnni purai sonvsarak prerit kel'le. Rovindronath Tagore hanni sogllean poilim tanka Mhatma hi podvi dili. Mhatma hea sonskrit bhaxentolea utracho orth 'Mahan Atmo' oso asa. Bharotatlem lok tanka mogan Bapu mhonnttalem ani tanka svotontr Bharotache Raxttrpita mhonnttat. Netaji Subhaxochondr Bose hanni 1944 tanka poile paut tanka Raxttrpita hea nanvan ulo kelo. Te soteagrohache zonok axil'lem. Tanchi joionti Bhartant Gandhi joionti mhonn monoitat zalear purai sonvsarant ti antorraxttri-i ohimsa dis mhonn monoitat.
Ashakar ani ohimsechea totvacher adarit soteagrohacho poilem fautt upeg dokxinn afrikentlea bharoti-i lokank thoinchem nagri hokk mellovn divpakhatir kelo. 1915t bhartant porot ailea uprant tamnni chomparnneatlea xetkamteank zulmi kor ani zomin hanche virud'dh zhogddopa khatir ekttham-i haddlem. 1921t bharoti-i raxttri-i kangresichi sutram samball'lea uprant goribi nirmulon, orthik svavlombon, bailankhatir soman hokk, sorv-dhorm'-sombhav, osprixita nivaronn ani soglleant mhotvache mhollear svorajea khatir desbhoran chollvoll chalu keli. gandhiji ajivn samprodaikotavadache (somprodaeamvor rajkaronn korop) virodhok axil'le. ani vhodda promannan sogllem dhorm' ani ponthameren pavlem. denvtim lagil'lea khilafot chollvollik tamnni adar dilo ani te muslimanche fuddari zalem. 1930t ingrozamni laiol'lea mitthavoilea koravirodhat tamnni hozaramni bhartianchem 400 ki.mi. (250 moil) lamb danddi iatren protinidhitv kelem. 1942t tamnni ingrozanvirud'dh bharot chhoddo andolon chalu kele. hea ani heasarkea her karnnankhatir tanka bhartan toxench dokxinn afriken zaite fautt kadient ghatla.
gandhijin aiuxiobhor sot ani ohimsa hancho puroskar kortalem, sovtalegit heach totva promann zogle ani herankui toxem korpak sangle. tamnni ganvamni khorea bharotache mull mhonn polloilem ani svoiompurnnotecho puroskar kel'la. brittnatlea visttorn chorchil hannim tanka 'ordhonogn fokir' mhonn hinnsailem. svota katlelea sutachem dhotor ani xal oxi tanchi sadhi rahonni axil'li. tamnni xakaharacho ovlomb kelo ani zaite fautt atmxud'dhikhatir ani rajki-i chollvolli khatir sadhon mhonn dirgh upas kelem. brittonachem prodhanmontri vinsttn chorchil hanni 1930 vorsa, gandhijink 'ordhonogn fokir' mhonn hinnsail'lem. (It is alarming and also nauseating to seeto see Mr. Gandhi, a seditious Middle Temple lawyer of the type well-known in the East, now posing as a fakir, striding half naked up the steps of the Viceregal palace toparley on equal terms with the representative of the King-Emperor.) tanchea nimannea vorsam'modim bharot pakistan fallnni khatir viothit zal'lea gandhijink hindu muslim' zhogddim thambovpakhatir iotn kelem.
2 ekttobor ho dis bhartan gandhi joionti mhonn monoitat. hea disa bhartan sarvozonik sutti asta. ho dis antorraxttri-i panvddear 'antorraxttri-i ohimsa dis' mhonn pallttat.
gandhichem totvginean nivvoll pustoki nhoi tor te upeogitavadatmok (prapt poristhitint svotachea totvanche achoronn korpi) axil'le.
Survecho Kall[बदल]
gandhajincho zolm' ekttobor 2, 1869 ia disa soddiachea gujratatlea porbondor xarant zalo. tanchea bapaichem nanv kormochond gandhi axil'le. ani avoichem nanv putllibai axil'le. kormochond gandhi tea vellavelea katthevadd prantatlem porbondorant divann axil'le. tanchea ajeachem nanv ut'tomchond gandhi axil'le. tanka ut'ta gandhi oxem legit mhonnttalem. putllibai hi kormochondachim chovthi bail axil'li. adleo tin baileo ballontponnat bhair poddleo. kormochond hindu modh somazatlem axil'lem zalear putllibai voixnnov somazatleo axil'leo. dhormik vatavronnatlea bhurgemponnacho probhav gandhichea mukhavelea aiuxeat zal'lo amkam pollonvnk melltta. chodd korun ohimsa, xakahar, sohixnnuta, heramvixim korunna, ia totvanche biz iach kallan ruzunk laglem. join dhormik axilea avoik lagun mohondasancher join sonkolpona ani prothancho probhav axil'lo. prachin vafmoi hantutlem xravonnball ani horixchondr hia don kothancho mohondasachea monacher khol porinnam' zal'lo. svotachea atmchoritran te kobul kortat, ia don kothankhatir mhojea monacher khub porinnam' zal'lo. te boroitat, "tamnne mhaka zhopattlem ani hanv ognnit vella mhojechkodden horixchondra sarko vagla astolo. gandhichea sot ani prem' ia durdoivi gunnankodden zal'lo son vollkhicho mag ho ia panrannik patram meren ieta."
1883t piraiechea teravea vorsa tanche kosturba makhnoji hanche vangdda logn zalem. tanche nanv lhan korun o o(ani mogan ba) oxem ghetalem. punn tea kallatlea riti promann kosturba khup tep tanchea kullarach axil'leo. he prokrient mohondasak aplea xalei xikxonnachem ek vors vogddavchem poddlem. logna disacheo iadim sangtana tamnni ekdam sanglele "amkam lognamvixim chodd kaim khobor naslem logn mhollear amchekhatir novem kopdde ghalop, godd khannam khavop, ani soireavangdda khellop". 1885t jen'na gandhiji 15 vorsachem aslem ten'na tanka poilem bhurgem zal'lem, punn tem khub komi temp zoglem. teach vorsa adi kormochond gandhi hea sonvsarak ontorlem. fuddem gandhiji ani kosturba hanka anik char bhurgim zali. 1888t horilala, 1892t monnilal, 1897t ramdas ani 1900t devdas.
tanchea porbondoratlea mullavea toxench rajkottatlea madhyomik xikxonnavellar tem ek sadaronn videarthi axil'le. tancho eka vorsuki porikxecho ohval mukhavele promann axil'lo. -"inglixint boro, onkgonnit sadaronn ani bhugolan kochcho. vagnnuk khub bori, hostakxor padd". te mettrikechi porikxa bhavnogoritlea samlodas kolejitolean thoddea koxttamnich pas zale. ani thoim astona, tamnni vokil zanvche oxi tanchea ghorantleanchi ichchha tanka avddunk naxil'li.
Beristtor[बदल]
xalei xikop sopoun piraiechea ikunnisavea vorsa 1888t te inglonddak londdon iunivhorsitti kolez, vokilichem xikop ghevpak gele. thoim tamnni inor ttempol ia ganvant ravun beristtor zavpa khatir bharoti-i kaido ani niaixastracho obheas kelo. inglonddak vochchem adi tamnni aik join sadhuchea hojeren apunn mams, bail ani battli(soro) hachepasun pois ravtolo oxem vochon dil'le, tache tamnni thoim palon kele. punn londdnatlea sopok xakahari jevnnachi ruch tanka avddunk na. ani londdnatoli ek durmill axil'li bharoti-i khannavoll mellameren te khup fautt upaxi legit ravle. gandhijin thoincheo inglix chaliriti apnnavpacho proitn kelo. dekhik nachpache vorg chalu korop. te inglonddan xakahari sonstheche vangddi zalem ani beginuch tanchea odhiokxpodameren pavlem. thoim jitlea xakahari vioktink gandhiji mell'lle, tantutleo kaim bailo thiosofoioiikol sosaitticheo vangddi axil'leo. tamnni gandhijink aplemodim ievpak ani onnkarit ani mull bhogovdgita vachpak protsahon dilem. adi dhormik gozalimn ros naxil'le gandhijim uprant dhormik gozalimni ros ghevpak lagle. adi dhormik gozalimn ros naxil'le gandhijim uprant dhormik gozalimni ros ghevpak lagle.
inglonddan kaideacho obheas korun te beristtor zale ani bhartan porot ievn vokili korpak lagle. 1881t tem inglondd soddun porot bhartan aile. bhartan ailea uprant tanka koll'llem, tanchi avoi tem londdnak astonach bhair poddli ani tanchea ghorcheamni hi gozal tanchekoddlean lipovn dovorli. mumboit kaitteachi prekttis suru korpachi tanchi ievzonn purai zanvk na. karonn te korttat ulovpak legit loztalem. khottleankhatir mosudo toiar korpachea sadea jivitachi survat korpakhatir rajkottak porot ailem. punn eka brittix odhikareachea virodhan gel'lean tanka he kam' bond korchem poddlem. 1893t tamnni tea vellavoilea brittix razvottitlea natall(dokxinn afrika)tolea eka podakhatir dada obdula ani komponi navachea eka bharoti-i komponikhatir eka vorsacho korar kel'lo
Dokxinn Afrika[बदल]
gandhin aiuxeatlim 21 vorsa dokxinn afriken ghaloili, zoim tamnni tanche rajki-i drixttikonn, noitik ani rajki-i fuddarponn hi kovxlea viksit keli. dokxinn afriketlea bhartianche netritv korpi girest muslimamni ani samkem komi odhikar axil'lea gorib hindu girmitteamni(?) gandhik nokri dili. 'bhartiotv' sogllea dhorm' ani zatim'modim denvlem oso drixttikon aiuxiobhor dovrit gandhin hea soglleank bharochtoi-iuch manlem. mukheloponnan dhormachea babtin itihasik vegllemponn ami mellov ieta oso tanka svotabd'dol vixvas axil'lo, ani ho vixvas ghevnuch tem bhartan ailem. hanga tamnni hea vixvasachi om'mlbozavnni korpacho iotn kelo.
dokxinn afriken gandhik somazachea dubllemponnachi vollokh zali. bharoti-i dhorm' ani somskriti hachemodim axil'lea ghusmottil'lea soneasavn apunn pois asat hanchi tanka zannvikai zali ani dokxinn afriketlea bhartiank somzun ghevn ani tanche fuddarponn korun apnnak bharot somzolo oxem tem manunk laglem. dokxinn afriken gorea-kalleamodim axil'lea bhedbhavak gandhink tondd dinvchem poddlem. thoinchea bharoti-i lonkank mellpi osman vagnnuk tamnni onnbhovli. poilea vorgachem tikitt astana legit tanka pittormaritzhoborgantlea relve odhikareamni tisrea vorgachea ddobean bospak sanglem. gandhijin hem gozalik nhoikar dilo mhonn tancho opman korun tanka relvetlean dhuklun uddoilo. ti purai rat tamnni plettformavelea gesttoruman kaddli. gandhin tharail'le zalear ud'dottponnan vagpi tea relve odhikareak te od'dol ghoddonv xoktalem. punn sudd bhavnen konnakui kheast divp ho tancho het naxil'lo zalear oniaikarok vevostha bodlop ho tancho het axil'lo. fuddem ekda, provanxank vatt korun dinvnk na mhonn eka vahon cholovpi monxan tanka maril'le. purai provasan tanka zaitem tras sonsche poddle. zaitea hottelatlean tanka dhanvddavn ghalem. oxa zaitea ghoddnnuka modli ek ghoddnnuk mhollear, ddorbonan niaiadhixan tanka tanchi topi kaddun dovorpacho hukum' dilo. gandhijin ten'nai nhoikar dil'loch. heo ghottna tanchea aiuxeak novi dikam divpi tharleo. he sogllem onnbhov ghetlea uprant gandhin somazatlim svotachi suvat ani brittix rajeatli aplea lokanchem mol heavixim prosn upsthit korpak survat keli. oxatoren bhartiamvixincho vonxbhed, osmanota hanka tondd dilea uprant gandhijin ia oniaiavirodhan avaz utthoilo ani somazan svotachi suvat nirmann korpak suru kelem.
thoinchea bhartianchea motdanacho hokk kaddun ghevpi kaido lagu kortolem asle, hea kaideak virodh korpi bhartiank modot korpak gandhinjin aplo dokxinn afriketlo kaim kallomeren fuddem rabito vaddoilo. ho kaido na korpant zori ioxsvi tharlem tori hakalagun bhartiamvoilea oniaiakodde lokx oddun ghevpant tanchi chollvoll ioxsvi zali. tamnni 1894t natal bharoti-i kangresichi thaponnuk keli ani hachevorvim dokxinn afriket ximpoddil'lea bhartiank tamnni eka rajki-i pokxan poravortit kelem. 1897t kaim kallachea bharotitolea rabitea uprant ddorbonan denvtana kaim gorea lokanchea pongddan tancher hol'lo kelo ani tanka jivem marpacho iotn kelo. ani fokot polis odhikxokachea bailechea modotin tanchi soddovnnuk zali. ia ghoddnnuken tanchea tonddak ghavo zalo ani don dat tuttlem. punn tamnni nialoian tokrar korpak nhoikar dilo. vioktigot niaialoian vochop tanchea totvamni naxil'le.
1906t ttransoval sorkaran eka novea kaideachi ghoxnna keli. ia kaidea promann thoinchea doreka bharoti-i monxak svotachi nendnni korop bondhonkarok axil'le. haka virodh korpak apoiol'lea boskek, tea vorsa 11 sopttemborak, gandhin, poilech fautt aplea azunoi viksit zait axil'lea soteagrohachea va ohimsatmok kariopronnalik aplexem kelem.tamnni bharoti-i bhavank ohimsok pod'dhotin ia kaideak virodh korpak sangle ani oxem kortana zal'le oteachar sonspak sangle. thoinchea somudaian ia avahnak sad dili ani fuddlea sat vorsamni hozaramni bhartiamni somp kel'lean, nondnni korpak nhoikar dil'lean, nondnni potrok zollovn uddovp ani totsom' ohimsatmok kamant samil zalem mhonn lokank kadoiemnt ghalem, chabokache fottke dilem ani pistolancheo gulleoi khavoileo. sorkaran bharoti-i andolkancho ho virodh ioxsvi ponnan na kelo tori punn ia ohimsok chollvollichi nond ghevpak ani lokkxobhechi nend ghevpak ani gandhikodden ulovnni korpak svota totvgone axil'le dokxinn afriketlem fuddari zon kristian smotts hanka vochchem poddlem. xant'taien nidorxonam korpi nidorxokamvoilea dokxinn afriketlea sorkaran kel'lea kotthor karvaiank lagun lokkxobh toiar zal'lo. gandhichea kolponamni adar ghetil'lo ani soteagrohachi ia songhorxavellar poripokv zali.
1906t ingrozanim natalan zhulu rajea virud'dh zhunz kelem. ingrozavotten zhunzpak bhartiank bhorti korun ghevpakhatir gandhimn ingrozank protsahit kelem. bhartiank purai nagriktvachea daveak voidh tharavpak ingrozachem fattboll gorjechem oso iuktivad tamnni kelo. brittixamni gandhinchim hi magnni manio keli. ani 20 zannanchea bharoti-i svoimsevokachea pongddak vochpak dilem. zokhmi soinikank upchar divpakhatir sttrechoravelean vhorop hi pongddachi zobabdari axil'li. ho pongodd gandhichea niontronna sokoil axil'lo. don mhoineamporosui komi kall hea pongddoioian kam' kelem. brittixanchea disan dis vaddpi soinikanchea takdik avhon divp niraxazonok asa- tamnni tharoilem hacho virodh monatlea povitr ohimsatmok pod'dhotin korum ieta oxem tanka hea onnbhovatlean koll'llem. uprant jen'na kallea lokanchem bhoumot sot'ter ailem ten'na gandhink raxttri-i naik mhonn vegvegllea smarkatlean ghoxit kelem.
Svatontr Songram'[बदल]
1915no gandhiji kaimochem bhartant porot ailem. ek mukhel bharoti-i raxttrvadi, thioristt ani songhottk oxi tachi antorraxttri-i namnam axil'li. tem bharoti-i raxttri-i kangresichea zaitea som'melnatlean uloilem. khorea orthan bharoti-i rajkaronn ani sonea hanchi vollokh tanka gopall krixnn gokhle hanni korun dili. gopall krixnn gokhle he ten'nache bharoti-i raxttri-i kongresin mukhel fuddari mhonn axil'le. gokhlenk tanchea soiom, sontulon ani vevosthe bhitor ravun kam' korpi mhonn vollkhotalem. aizui tanka gandhichem rajki-i guru mhonn vollkhotat. gandhin gokhleancho brittixamvirud'dh vhigix poromporancher adarit udar drixttikon apnnailo, ani to puraiponnan bharoti-i dispa khatir bodol'lo. 1920 vorsa lokmanio ttillok bhair poddlea uprant tem raxttri-i sobheche mukhel fuddari zale.
gandhin 1920 vorsa kangresichea fuddarponnachi sutram hatant ghetli. te uprant magnneani vadd korit korit (kainkodden ravun ani toddzodd korit) 26 zanevari 1930 kongresin bhartachem svatontrio jahir kelem. zaiteo ghoddnnuko zait geleo ani kongresin 1930t prantoi-i